Prep the veg: Dice the onion, carrots, and celery. Mince the garlic.
Drain and rinse the beans.
Brown the turkey: Heat olive oil in a large pot over medium-high heat. Add ground turkey with a pinch of salt and pepper. Cook, breaking it up, until browned and no longer pink, about 5–7 minutes.
If there’s excess liquid, cook a minute longer to evaporate for better flavor.
Sweat the aromatics: Add onion, carrots, and celery to the pot. Cook, stirring, until softened and lightly golden, 5–6 minutes. Stir in garlic for 30 seconds until fragrant.
Build the base: Stir in tomato paste and cook 1 minute to caramelize.
Add Italian seasoning and red pepper flakes. This step deepens flavor and prevents a raw tomato taste.
Simmer the soup: Pour in broth and diced tomatoes with their juices. Add bay leaf and Parmesan rind if using.
Bring to a boil, then reduce to a lively simmer for 10–12 minutes to meld flavors.
Add beans and tortellini: Stir in white beans, then add tortellini. Simmer according to package directions (usually 3–5 minutes) until the tortellini float and are just tender. Do not overcook.
Finish with greens: Remove the bay leaf and Parmesan rind.
Stir in spinach until wilted, 1–2 minutes. Taste and season with salt and pepper as needed.
Serve: Ladle into bowls and top with grated Parmesan and chopped parsley or basil. Add a pinch of red pepper flakes if you like heat.